Journal
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
Volume 7, Issue 8, Pages 3475-3480Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/pr800225z
Keywords
flow field-flow fractionation; FIFFF; protein separation; exosome; proteomics; nanoflow LC-ESI-MS-MS; mass spectrometry; size separation of exosomes
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Exosomes, small membrane vesicles secreted by a multitude of cell types, are involved in a wide range of physiological roles such as intercellular communication, membrane exchange between cells, and degradation as an alternative to lysosomes. Because of the small size of exosomes (30-100 nm) and the limitations of common separation procedures including ultracentrifugation and flow cytometry, size-based fractionation of exosomes has been challenging. In this study, we used flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF) to fractionate exosomes according to differences in hydrodynamic diameter. The exosome fractions collected from FIFFF runs were examined bytransmission electron microscopy (TEM) to morphologically confirm their identification as exosomes. Exosomal lysates of each fraction were digested and analyzed using nanoflow LC-ESI-MS-MS for protein identification. FIFFF, coupled with mass spectrometry, allows nanoscale size-based fractionation of exosomes and is more applicable to primary cells and stem cells since it requires much less starting material than conventional gel-based separation, in-gel digestion and the MS-MS method.
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