Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 246, Issue -, Pages 84-89Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.07.056
Keywords
Lithium electrodeposition; Dendrites; Diffusion; Solid electrolyte interface; Temperature effects
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Increased propensity for dendritic lithium electrodeposition during sub-ambient temperature operation has been widely reported in lithium battery systems, yet is not fully understood. In the present paper, a mathematical model is developed to quantify the dendritic growth rate during lithium electrodeposition at sub-ambient temperature. This model builds on a diffusion reaction framework presented recently by Akolkar [J. Power Sources 232 (2013) 23-28]. Using a steady-state diffusion model with a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient, the lithium-ion concentration depletion in the stagnant Nernst diffusion boundary layer near the lithium surface is modeled. A surface electrochemical reaction model is then employed to correlate the lithium concentration depletion to the dendrite growth rate. Temperature effects on the lithium-ion transport and its electrochemical surface reaction are incorporated in the model via an Arrhenius-type temperature-dependence of the diffusion coefficient and the apparent charge transfer coefficient. It is shown that lowering the system temperature has the effect of increasing the lithium-ion diffusion resistance and decreasing the surface film thickness - conditions favorable for the formation of dendrites during lithium electrodeposition. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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