Cathodic deposition of Ni(OH)(2) and Co(OH)(2) for asymmetric supercapacitors: Importance of the electrochemical reversibility of redox couples

This work demonstrates the influences of electrochemical reversibility of the pseudocapacitive materials on the performances of an asymmetric supercapacitor consisting of a pseudocapacitive cathode and an anode of the double-layer type. Thanks for the simple, one-step, cathodic deposition of nickel and cobalt hydroxide (denoted as Ni(OH)(2) and Co(OH)(2), respectively) films from their chloride precursor in aqueous media with the addition of 40 mM NO3- as the OH-donating agent. The specific capacitances of Ni(OH)(2) and Co(OH)(2) films (ca. 0.4 mg cm(-2)) deposited at 1.0 mA cm(-2) for 1000 s are equal to 2217 and 549 F g(-1), respectively while the electrochemical reversibility of Co(OH)(2) is better than that of Ni(OH)(2) based on peak potential difference and symmetry of charge/discharge curves. The Co(OH)(2)-graphene asymmetric supercapacitor shows higher capacitance retention and higher energy efficiency of charge-discharge than the Ni(OH)(2)-graphene system although the latter system exhibits higher energy and power densities than the former one. The microstructures of as-deposited Ni(OH)(2) and Co(OH)(2) films have been examined by scanning electron microscopic (SEM), transmission electron microscopic (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.