Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 222, Issue -, Pages 45-51Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.08.023
Keywords
Li2MnO3; Lithium ion battery; In situ XAS; Positive material
Funding
- Research and Development Initiative for Scientific Innovation of New Generation Batteries (RISING) project from New Energy and Industrial Technology Department Organization (NEDO) in Japan
- [2010B1032]
- [2010B1893]
- [2011A1010]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23550107] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The redox reaction of Li1.16Ni0.15Co0.19Mn0.50O2 positive electrode material during the charging and discharging processes was investigated by using spectroscopic methods, i.e. in situ hard X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) at transition metal K-edges and ex situ soft XANES at oxygen K- and transition metal L-edges. The spectral changes of constituent elements during the initial charging to 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+ are quite similar to those of conventional layer-structured positive materials, such as LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 center dot Ni2+ and Co3+ ions are fully oxidized to Ni4+ and Co4+, while Mn4+ remains unchanged. Ligand oxygen ions also take part in charge compensation. In the process of charging to 4.8 V via the plateau voltage region, no significant spectral change appears except partial reduction of Ni and Co ions in spite of lithium extraction. By discharging to 2.0 V the spectra of each element return to those of the pristine material. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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