Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 228, Issue -, Pages 206-213Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.099
Keywords
Cathode material; Oxalic acid; Succinic acid; Tartaric acid; Lithium battery
Funding
- International S&T Cooperation Program of China [2010DF-B63370]
- Chinese National 973 Program [2009CB220106]
- Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Beijing Institute of Technology [2011CX04052]
- Argonne National Laboratory
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- Beijing Excellent Talents Plan Funding [2012D009011000001]
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Oxalic acid, tartaric acid (TA), and succinic acid (SA) are studied as chelating agents for sol gel synthesis of Li[Li0.2Co0.13Ni0.13Mn0.54]O-2 as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show that the materials are single-phase compounds with good crystallinities and layered alpha-NaFeO2 structures. The TA-material has the smallest particles (0.2-0.3 mu m), with a smooth surface, and uniform distribution. Electrochemical studies indicate that the TA-material exhibits the highest initial discharge capacity (281.1 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C, 192.8 mAh g(-1) at 2.0 C), the highest reversible capacity after 50 cycles (240.5 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C, 167.4 mAh g(-1) at 0.5 C), and the best rate performance. The cycling stability of the SA-material is the best, with capacity retentions of 87.4% at 0.1 C and 80.1% at 0.5 C after 50 cycles. Mn4+/3+ reduction peaks appear at the first discharge process and become more evident with increasing cycle number, resulting in a spinel structure, as proved by cyclic voltammetry and differential capacity curves. Electrical impedance spectroscopy confirms that the low charge-transfer resistance of the TA-material is responsible for its superior discharge capacity and rate performance. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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