Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 241, Issue -, Pages 56-60Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.094
Keywords
Na-ion batteries; Electrochemistry; Mixed-valence; Sodium vanadium fluorophosphates
Funding
- Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [MAT2010-19442]
- Universidad del Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [GIU06-11]
- Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza [Etortek CICEnergigune 10, SAIOTEK-12 ENERGIBA]
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A composite made of a mixed-valence sodium-vanadium fluorophosphate and 6.4% wt. carbon, Na3V2O2x(PO4)(2)F3-2x/C (0 < x < 1), has been prepared. Structural and magnetic characterization confirmed the +3/+4 oxidation state of vanadium in the phase. Morphological and texture analyses showed that carbon forms a network surrounding the particles, leading to a mesoporous composite with a high specific area of 67 m(2) g(-1). Electrochemical characterization conducted in Swagelok cells by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling indicated that sodium extraction/insertion proceeds through a complex mechanism in two voltage pseudo-plateaux at 3.6 and 4.1 V vs. Na/Na+ Rate capability of the material ranges from specific capacities of 100 mAh g(-1) at C/20 to 75 mAh g(-1) at 5C. Cycling stability at 1C showed coulombic efficiency higher than 99% and capacity retention of 95% after 200 cycles. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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