Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 196, Issue 3, Pages 1006-1011Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.08.054
Keywords
Polymer electrolyte fuel cell; Cathode; Oxygen reduction reaction; X-ray photoemission spectroscopy; Carbon alloy catalysts; Electronic structure
Funding
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) [08003440-0]
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We report on the electronic structure of three different types of N-containing carbon-based cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells observed by hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Prepared samples are derived from: (1) melamine and poly(furfuryl alcohol), (2) nitrogen-doped carbon black and (3) cobalt phthalocyanine and phenolic resin. C 1s spectra show the importance of sp(2) carbon network formation for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. N 1s spectra of the carbon-based cathode catalysts are decomposed into four components identified as pyridine-like, pyrrole- or cyanide-like, graphite-like, and oxide nitrogen. Samples having high oxygen reduction reaction activity in terms of oxygen reduction potential contain high concentration of graphite-like nitrogen. O 1s spectra are similar among carbon-based cathode catalysts of different oxygen reduction reaction activity. There is no correlation between the ORR activity and oxygen content. Based on a quantitative analysis of our results, the oxygen reduction reaction activity of the carbon-based cathode catalysts will be improved by increasing concentration of graphite-like nitrogen in a developed sp(2) carbon network. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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