Physical and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 nanoparticles synthesized by a combination of spray pyrolysis with wet ball-milling

A novel preparation technique was developed to synthesize LiFePO4 nanoparticles through a combination of spray pyrolysis (SP) with wet ball-milling (WBM). Using this technique, the preparation of LiFePO4 nanoparticles was investigated for a wide range of process parameters such as ball-milling time and sintering temperature. The effect of process parameters on the physical and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 was then discussed through analysis using by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method, Raman spectroscopy and using an electrochemical cell of Li vertical bar 1 M LiClO4 in EC:DEC = 1:1 vertical bar LiFePO4 center dot LiFePO4 nanoparticles with a geometric mean diameter of 58 nm were prepared at a rotating speed of 800 rpm and a ball-milling time of 12 h in an Ar atmosphere followed by heat treatment at 500 degrees C for 4 h in a N-2 + 3% H-2 atmosphere. The sample delivered first discharge capacities of 164 and 100 mAh g(-1) at charge-discharge rates of 0.1 and 10 C in the test cells, respectively. The electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 nanoparticles were strongly affected by the formation of Fe2P, Fe3P and alpha-Fe2O3 at higher charge-discharge rates. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.