Journal
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
Volume 50, Issue 15, Pages 1018-1044Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/polb.23063
Keywords
conjugated polymers; diffusion; miscibility; morphology; neutron scattering; organic photovoltaics; phase separation; X-ray scattering
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Funding
- Department of Energy
- Energy Frontier Research Center at the University of Massachusetts [DOE DE-PS02-08ER15944]
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST), Korea through the Global Research Laboratory (GRL)
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST), Korea through the World Class University (WCU) program
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2007-00015, R31-2012-000-10075-0] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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We review the morphologies of polymer-based solar cells and the parameters that govern the evolution of the morphologies and describe different approaches to achieve the optimum morphology for a BHJ OPV. While there are some distinct differences, there are also some commonalities. It is evident that morphology and the control of the morphology are important for device performance and, by controlling the thermodynamics, in particular, the interactions of the components, and by controlling kinetic parameters, like the rate of solvent evaporation, crystallization and phase separation, optimized morphologies for a given system can be achieved. While much research has focused on P3HT, it is evident that a clearer understanding of the morphology and the evolution of the morphology in low bad gap polymer systems will increase the efficiency further. While current OPVs are on the verge of breaking the 10% barrier, manipulating and controlling the morphology will still be key for device optimization and, equally important, for the fabrication of these devices in an industrial setting. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
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