Vinylcarbonates and Vinylcarbamates: Biocompatible Monomers for Radical Photopolymerization

The last decade has seen a remarkable interest in the use of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers as scaffolds for tissue engineering. The fabrication of 3D scaffolds by lithography-based additive manufacturing technology (AMT) represents an appealing approach. As poly(lactic acid), the state of the art biocompatible and biodegradable material, cannot be processed by these photopolymerization-based techniques, it has so far been necessary to use selected (meth)acrylates. By developing new photopolymers based on vinyl carbonates and vinyl carbamates as a reactive group we have been able to avoid most of the disadvantages of classical (meth)acrylate-based photopolymers. The new generation of biocompatible monomers show low cytotoxicity, have good storage stability, and are sufficiently photoreactive to be structured by lithography based AMT. The mechanical properties and rates of degradation of the polymers can be easily tuned over a broad range. Degradation results in the formation of nonacidic and nontoxic degradation products of low molecular weight that can be easily transported within the human body. Initial in vivo tests showed significant osseointegration of the 3D cellular scaffolds and no signs of implant rejection. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 49: 650-661, 2011