Journal
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 169, Issue 16, Pages 1586-1596Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.05.021
Keywords
Solanum lycopersicum; Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV); Plant-pathogen interaction; Systemic acquired resistance (SAR); NMR-based metabolomics
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Funding
- Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion [BFU 2009-11958]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain) [JAEDoc 08 00402]
- Generalitat Valencia (Spain) [BEST/2010/111]
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H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics has been applied to study the compatible interaction between tomato plants and Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV). A detailed time course of metabolic fingerprinting of ToMV-inoculated and non-inoculated systemically infected tomato leaves has provided a fundamental understanding of the metabolic state of the plant not only in response to ToMV infection, but also under various physiological conditions. By this analytical platform a total of 32 metabolites including amino/organic acids, sugars, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and other miscellaneous compounds were detected. Using multivariate data analysis, we have identified a subset of metabolites induced during the plant defence response and metabolites whose accumulation was dependent on the developmental stage, the position of the leaf on the stem, and the harvesting time. Specifically, a general time-dependent decrease in organic acids, amino acids (excluding asparagine), phenylpropanoids and rutin was observed in individual leaves. In addition, metabolite alterations were also found to correlate with the developmental stage of the leaf: high levels of organic acids, some amino acids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids were found in lower leaves while elevated amounts of sugars were present in the upper ones. Moreover, a marked variation in the content of some metabolites was also observed to be associated to the asymptomatic ToMV infection both in inoculated and systemically infected leaves. While flavonoids accumulated in virus-inoculated leaves, increased levels of phenylpropanoids were observed in non-inoculated leaves where ToMV actively replicates. Finally, diurnal changes in the metabolite content were also observed: an increase of amino acids and organic acids (except glutamic acid) were observed in the samples collected in the morning, whereas sugars and secondary metabolite levels increased in the tomato leaves harvested in the evening. (c) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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