Journal
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 168, Issue 17, Pages 2134-2138Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH
DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.06.012
Keywords
Gastrophysa polygoni; Dock leaf beetles; Mossy sorrel; Odors
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We report large induction (>65(fold) increases) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a single leaf of the invasive weed mossy sorrel, Rumex confertus Willd. (Polygonaceae), by herbivory of the dock leaf beetle, Gastrophysa polygoni L (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The R. confertus VOC blend induced by G. polygon' herbivory included two green leaf volatiles ((Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate) and three terpenes (linalool, beta-caryophyllene, (E)-beta-farnesene). Uninjured leaves produced small constitutive amounts of the GLVs and barely detectable amounts of the terpenes. A Y-tube olfactometer bioassay revealed that both sexes of adult G. polygon' were attracted to (Z)-3-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate at a concentration of 300 ng h(-1). No significant G. polygon' attraction or repellence was detected for any VOC at other concentrations (60 and 1500 ng h(-1)). Yet. G. polygon' males and females were significantly repelled by (or avoided) at the highest test concentration (7500 ng h(-1)) of both GLVs and (E)-beta-farnesene. Mated male and female G. polygon' might be attracted to injured R. confertus leaves, but might avoid R. confertus when VOC concentrations (especially the terpene (E)-beta-farnesene) suggest high overall plant injury from conspecifics. G. viridula, or high infestations of other herbivores that release (E)-beta-farnesene (e.g., aphids). Tests in the future will need to examine G. polygon' responses to VOCs emitted directly from uninjured (constitutive) and injured (induced) R. confertus, and examine whether R. confertus VOC induction concentrations increase with greater tissue removal on a single leaf and/or the number of leaves with feeding injury. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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