Journal
JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
Volume 32, Issue 10, Pages 1355-1368Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbq062
Keywords
plankton; phenology; life history; climate change
Categories
Funding
- NSF [OCE-0727033, 0815838, 0732152, OCE-0535386, 0815051, 0814413, OCE 0815336]
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [0814592, 0815336, 0815051, 0814413, 815838] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP)
- Directorate For Geosciences [0732152] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NERC [SAH01001] Funding Source: UKRI
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Increasing availability and extent of biological ocean time series (from both in situ and satellite data) have helped reveal significant phenological variability of marine plankton. The extent to which the range of this variability is modified as a result of climate change is of obvious importance. Here we summarize recent research results on phenology of both phytoplankton and zooplankton. We suggest directions to better quantify and monitor future plankton phenology shifts, including (i) examining the main mode of expected future changes (ecological shifts in timing and spatial distribution to accommodate fixed environmental niches vs. evolutionary adaptation of timing controls to maintain fixed biogeography and seasonality), (ii) broader understanding of phenology at the species and community level (e.g. for zooplankton beyond Calanus and for phytoplankton beyond chlorophyll), (iii) improving and diversifying statistical metrics for indexing timing and trophic synchrony and (iv) improved consideration of spatio-temporal scales and the Lagrangian nature of plankton assemblages to separate time from space changes.
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