Journal
JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH
Volume 46, Issue 1, Pages 1-7Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00628.x
Keywords
circadian rhythm sleep disorders; intergeniculate leaflet; melatonin; sleep gates; spindles; thalamus
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The thalamus has a strong nonphotic influence on sleep, circadian rhythmicity, pineal melatonin production, and secretion. The opening of the sleep gate for nonrapid eye movement sleep is a thalamic function but it is assisted by melatonin which acts by promoting spindle formation. Thus, melatonin has a modulatory influence on sleep onset and maintenance. A remarkable similarity exists between spindle behavior, circadian rhythmicity, and pineal melatonin production throughout life. Together, the thalamic and chronobiological control of sleep leads to a new and improved understanding of the pathophysiology of circadian rhythm sleep disorders and also of the principles of sleep hygiene interventions.
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