Platelets: a critical link between inflammation and microvascular dysfunction

Inflammation is an underlying feature of a variety of human diseases. An important manifestation of this pathophysiological response is microvascular dysfunction, which includes the activation of vascular endothelial cells, and circulating leucocytes and platelets. While endothelial cells and leucocytes are widely accepted as critical players in the microvascular alterations induced by inflammation, recent attention has focused on the modulatory role of platelets, which act both as effector and target cells in inflamed microvessels. Evidence is presented to demonstrate the capacity for cross-talk between platelets and other cells (endothelial cells, leucocytes) that contribute to an inflammatory response, and to illustrate the pathophysiological consequences of these interactions of platelets with other cells within the microvasculature.