Experimental validation of beam quality correction factors for proton beams

This paper presents a method to experimentally validate the beam quality correction factors (k(Q)) tabulated in IAEA TRS-398 for proton beams and to determine the k(Q) of non-tabulated ionization chambers (based on the already tabulated values). The method is based exclusively on ionometry and it consists in comparing the reading of two ionization chambers under the same reference conditions in a proton beam quality Q and a reference beam quality Co-60. This allows one to experimentally determine the ratio between the k(Q) of the two ionization chambers. In this work, 7 different ionization chamber models were irradiated under the IAEA TRS-398 reference conditions for Co-60 beams and proton beams. For the latter, the reference conditions for both modulated beams (spread-out Bragg peak field) and monoenergetic beams (pseudo-monoenergetic field) were studied. For monoenergetic beams, it was found that the experimental k(Q) values obtained for plane-parallel chambers are consistent with the values tabulated in IAEA TRS-398; whereas the k(Q) values obtained for cylindrical chambers are not consistent-being higher than the tabulated values. These results support the suggestion (of previous publications) that the IAEA TRS-398 reference conditions for monoenergetic proton beams should be revised so that the effective point of measurement of cylindrical ionization chambers is taken into account when positioning the reference point of the chamber at the reference depth. For modulated proton beams, the tabulated k(Q) values of all the ionization chambers studied in this work were found to be consistent with each other-except for the IBA FC65-G, whose experimental k(Q) value was found to be 0.6% lower than the tabulated one. The k(Q) of the PTW Advanced Markus chamber, which is not tabulated in IAEA TRS-398, was found to be 0.997 +/- 0.042 (k = 2), based on the tabulated value of the PTW Markus chamber.