Numerical simulations for the time-averaged acoustic forces acting on rigid cylinders in ideal and viscous fluids

The time-averaged acoustic forces acting on cylinders in a standing sound field are investigated in detail by finite volume method (FVM) numerical simulations. The forces on a cylinder in an inviscid and a viscous fluid are predicted, and the effects of viscosity are discussed. Furthermore, the secondary forces between two cylinders are also calculated. The numerical results are compared with the theoretical solutions, COMSOL software and the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method, and good agreement is achieved in most cases.