Impedance Resonance in Narrow Confinement

The article explores the ion flux response of a capacitor configuration to an alternating voltage. The model system comprises a symmetric binary electrolyte confined between plan-parallel capacitor plates. The alternating current response is investigated for the sparsely studied albeit practically important case of a large amplitude voltage applied across a narrow capacitive device, with the distance between the two plates amounting to a few ion diameters. Dynamic density functional theory is employed to solve for the spatiotemporal ion density distribution as well as the transient ion flux and complex impedance of the system. The analysis of these properties reveals a hitherto hidden impedance resonance. A single ion analogue of the capacitor, which is equivalent to neglecting all interactions between the ions, is employed for a physical interpretation of this phenomenon. It explains the resonance as a consequence of field-induced ion condensation at the capacitor plates and coherent motion of condensed ions in response to the field variation.