Understanding the H2 Sorption Trends in the M-MOF-74 Series (M = Mg, Ni, Co, Zn)

Electronic structure calculations and simulations of H-2 sorption were performed in four members of the M-MOF-74 series: Mg-MOF-74, Ni-MOF-74, Co-MOF-74, and Zn-MOF-74. Notable differences were observed in the partial charge and polarizability of the metal ions derived from the electronic structure calculations. The modeling parameters obtained from the electronic structure calculations were found to influence certain features in the experimentally observed H-2 sorption trends in the M-MOF-74 series. The simulations were performed with the inclusion of explicit many-body polarization, which was required to reproduce the experimental H-2 sorption observables (i.e., sorption isotherms and isosteric heats of adsorption (Qst)) and the H(2)metal interaction in all four MOFs using classical molecular simulation. Consistent with experimental measurements, the simulations captured the following trend for the H(2)metal interaction strength: Ni-MOF-74 > Co-MOF-74 > Mg-MOF-74 > Zn-MOF-74. The calculations revealed that stronger H(2)metal interactions within the M-MOF-74 series corresponded to shorter H(2)metal distances and higher induced dipoles on the metal-sorbed H2 molecules. In addition, it was observed that there was a strong correlation between the H2metal interaction and the polarization contribution. Although Mg-MOF-74 has the highest calculated partial charge for the metal ion within the series, the Mg2+ ion has a very low polarizability compared to the other M2+ ions; this explains why the H(2)metal interaction in this MOF is weaker compared to those for Ni-MOF-74 and Co-MOF-74. The sterics interactions, reflected in the crystal structure for all four MOFs, also played a role for the observed H2 sorption trends. Zn-MOF-74 has the lowest H2 uptakes and Qst within the series due to an unfavorable geometric environment for the Zn2+ ions within the ZnO5 clusters. Lastly, the two-dimensional quantum rotational levels were calculated for the H(2)metal interaction in all four MOFs using the potential energy function employed herein and the calculated transitions were in good agreement with the corresponding peaks that were observed in the experimental inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra for the respective MOFs. This observation serves both to provide atomistic resolution to the spectroscopic experiments and to validate the molecular force field.