Theoretical Molecular Design of Heteroacenes for Singlet Fission: Tuning the Diradical Character by Modifying z-Conjugation Length and Aromaticity

A theoretical molecular design for efficient singlet fission (SF) is performed for several heteroacene models involving nitrogen (N) atoms based on the diradical character criterion of the energy level matching conditions. This criterion is found to be closely related to the relative contributions of diradical and zwitterionic resonance structures of the heteroacenes, i.e., the aromaticity of the central ring(s). From the analysis of the diradical characters of these heteroacene models, the increase in the aromaticity of the central ring(s) is found to prefer the diradical form to the zwitterionic form. From the comparison of the excitation energies evaluated by multireference second-order perturbation theory calculations, two promising candidates, chosen based on the diradical character criterion, are found to satisfy the energy level matching conditions and to possess high triplet energies of similar to 1.1 eV, which are suitable for an application in organic photovoltaic cells. The proposed two candidates are shown to have mutually different types of the first excited singlet states, which are distinguished by the primary excitation configurations. These results suggest that the proposed two candidates exhibit different singlet fission dynamics due to the different amplitude of the electronic coupling.