Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
Volume 117, Issue 24, Pages 12399-12406Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jp400558y
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Funding
- Engineering and Physical Science Research Council [EP/H004319/1]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/H004319/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/H004319/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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An improved mean-field model used earlier (J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2011, 23, 022201) to explain the anomalous increase of capacitance in nanoporous supercapacitors is extended to the study of charging dynamics. We find that charging of initially empty (i.e., ionic liquid-phobic) pores proceeds in a front-like way, while charging of filled (i.e., ionophilic) pores is diffusive; in both cases, however, the accumulated charge grows as a square root of time. We also discuss two-step complementary optimization of porous electrodes for supercapacitors. In a first step, the optimal pore width is chosen to maximize the stored energy density; in a second step, the optimal pore depth/length (that is, electrode's thickness) is chosen to satisfy the requirement on charging times. In addition, the use of nanoporous channels in a multilayered configuration is suggested to decrease the volume and to increase the capacitance, stored energy, and power density of a supercapacitor.
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