Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
Volume 117, Issue 37, Pages 18885-18890Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jp407322k
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Funding
- Welch Foundation [F-1436, F-1131, F-1535, F-1066]
- Hertz foundation
- University of Texas at Austin
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Both nanocolumnar and dense germanium thin films, synthesized by evaporative deposition, were tested as a potential anode material for sodium-ion batteries. The reversible capacity of the nanocolumnar films was found to be 430 mAh/g, which is higher than the theoretical capacity of 369 mAh/g. The nanocolumnar films retained 88% of their initial capacity after 100 cycles at C/5, whereas the dense films began to deteriorate after similar to 15 cycles. Additionally, the nanocolumnar films were stable at charge/discharge rates up to 27C (10 A/g). The diffusion coefficient for sodium in germanium was estimated, from impedance analysis of the dense films, to be 13 CM 2 s(-1). Modeling of diffusion in the sodium- germanium system predicts that sodium diffusion in the near-surface layers of the material is significantly faster than in the bulk. These results show that small feature sizes are critical for rapid, reversible electrochemical sodiation of germanium.
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