Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
Volume 117, Issue 4, Pages 1621-1626Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jp310641k
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Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-1030048]
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL)
- University of Washington TGIF grant
- Boeing Company
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [1030048] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Hollow vanadyl glycolate nanostructured microspheres were synthesized via a highly scalable and template-free polyol-induced solvothermal process. Subsequent calcination transformed the precursor material into vanadium pentoxide, a well-studied transition metal oxide. The vanadyl glycolate nanoparticles were synthesized through a self-seeding process and then aggregated around N-2 microbubbles formed during the reaction that acted as quasi-micelles due to the large polarization discrepancy between nitrogen and water. The proposed formation mechanism provides a firm understanding of the processes leading to the observed hollow microsphere morphology. The thermally treated material was tested as a cathode for lithium-ion battery and showed excellent cycle stability and high rate performance. The exceptional electrochemical performance was attributed to the relatively thin-walled structure that ensured fast phase penetration between the electrolyte and active material and shortened lithium-ion migration distance. The prolonged cycling stability is ascribed to the inherent morphological void that can readily accommodate volume expansion and contraction upon cycling.
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