Ceria Hollow Nanospheres Produced by a Template-Free Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method for Heavy Metal Ion Removal and Catalysis

Ceria hollow nanospheres composed of CeO(2) nanocrystals were synthesized via a template-free and microwave-assisted aqueous hydrothermal method. This is a low-cost and environmentally benign method, The chemicals used are all environmentally benign materials (cerium nitrate, urea, and water). An Ostwald ripening mechanism coupled with a self-templated, self-assembly process, in which amorphous solid spheres are converted to crystalline nanocrystals and the latter self-assemble into hollow structures, was proposed for the formation of the hollow structures. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N(2) adsorption-desorption methods. These ceria hollow nanospheres show an excellent adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions, for example, 22.4 mg g(-1) for As(V) and 15.4 mg g(-1) for Cr(VI). These values are significantly higher than reported data from other ceria nanostructures. These ceria hollow nanospheres are also excellent supports for gold nanoparticles, forming a Au/CeO(2) composite catalyst. In CO oxidation, a 100% CO conversion was achieved at room temperature.