Effect of Nanochannel Dimension on the Transport of Water Molecules

From the perspectives of biological applications and material sciences, it is essential to understand the transport properties of water molecules through nanochannels. Although considerable effort and progress has been made in recent years, a systematic understanding of the effect of nanochannel dimension is still lacking. In this paper, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the transport of water molecules through carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with various dimensions under pressure differences. We find an exponential decay describing the relation of the water flow and CNT lengths (L) for different pressures. The average translocation time of individual water molecules yields to a power law relation with L. We also exploit these results by comparing with the single-file transport, where some interesting relations were figured. Meanwhile, for a given CNT length, the water flow vs CNT diameters (R) can be depicted by a power law, which is found to be relevant to the water occupancy inside the nanochannel. In addition, we compare our MD results with predictions from the no-slip Hagen-Poisseuille (HP) relation. The dependence of the enhancement of the simulated water flux over the HP prediction on the CNT length and diameter supports previous MD and experimental studies. Actually, the effect of nanotube dimension is not only originated from the motion of water molecules inside the CNT but also related to thermal fluctuations in the bulk water outside the CNT. These results enrich our knowledge about the channel size effect on the water transportation, which should have deep implications for the design of nanofluidic devices.