Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
Volume 116, Issue 2, Pages 794-801Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jp210493t
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Funding
- Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [PTDC/CTM/69316/2006, PTDC/CTM-NAN/112574/2009, NANO/NMed-SD/0156/2007, SFRH/BD/45265/2008, SFRH/BD/68499/2010]
- COST Action [MP1003]
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Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposites with different ferrite nanoparticle loadings are interesting as, depending on ferrite type and content, the electroactive beta-phase of the polymer is nucleated and the magnetoelectric coupling is induced. The isothermal crystallization behavior of ferrite/PVDF nanocomposites is studied using polarized optical microscopy, and the crystallization kinetic is analyzed by the Avrami theory in order to understand the crystallization conditions leading to the nucleation of the electroactive polymer phase. It is found that the nucleation kinetics is enhanced by the presence of ferrite nanoparticles, as evidenced by the increasing number of spherulites with increasing nanoparticle content and by the variations of the Avrami exponent. The crystallization velocity is intimately related to the polymer alpha- or beta-phase formation in the nanocomposites and follows the order NiFe(2)O(4)/PVDF > CoFe(2)O(4)/PVDF > Ni(0.5)Zn(0.5)Fe(2)O(4)/PVDF for a given temperature and nanoparticle loading, which results in larger amounts of beta-phase for CoFe(2)O(4)/PVDF and Ni(0.5)Zn(0.5)Fe(2)O(4)/PVDF nanocomposites.
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