Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
Volume 113, Issue 40, Pages 13142-13151Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jp9016695
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Funding
- United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
- Army Research Office [W911NF-05-1-0345]
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-10778]
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Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and the reactive force field ReaxFF were used to study shock-induced initiation in crystalline pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). In the calculations, a PETN single crystal was impacted against a wall, driving a shockwave back through the crystal in the [100] direction. Two impact speeds (4 and 3 km/s) were used to compare strong and moderate shock behavior. The primary difference between the two shock strengths is the time required to exhibit the same qualitative behaviors with the lower impact speed lagging behind the faster impact speed. For both systems, the shock velocity exhibits an initial deceleration due to onset. of endothermic reactions followed by acceleration due to the onset of exothermic reactions. At long times, the shock velocity reaches a steady value. After the initial deceleration period, peaks are observed in the profiles of the density and axial stress with the strongly shocked system having sharp peaks while the weakly shocked system developed broad peaks due to the slower shock velocity acceleration. The dominant initiation reactions in both systems lead to the formation of NO2 with lesser quantities of NO3 and formaldehyde also produced.0
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