Cation-π Interactions in Protonated Phenylalkylamines

Phenylalkylamines of the general formula C6H5(CH2)(n)NH2 (n = 1-4) have been delivered to the gas phase as protonated species using electrospray ionization. The ions thus formed have been assayed by IRMPD spectroscopy in two different spectroscopic domains, namely, the 600-1800 and the 3000-3500 cm(-1) regions using either an IR free electron laser or a tabletop OPO/OPA laser source. The interpretation of the experimental spectra is aided by density functional theory calculations of candidate species and vibrational frequency analyses. Protonated benzylamine presents a relatively straightforward instance of a single stable conformer, providing a trial case for the adopted approach. Turning to the higher homologues, C6H5(CH2)(n)NH3+ (n = 2-4), more conformations become accessible. For each C6H5(CH2)NH3+ ion (n = 2-4), the most stable geometry is characterized by cation-pi interactions between the positively charged ammonium group and the aromatic pi-electronic system, permitted by the folding of the polymethylene chain. The IRMPD spectra of the sampled ions confirm the presence of the folded structures by comparison with the calculated IR spectra of the various possible conformers. An inspection of the NH stretching region is helpful in this regard.