Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
Volume 50, Issue 6, Pages 1020-1034Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12231
Keywords
Caulerpa andamanensis stat. nov.; Caulerpa denticulata; Caulerpella; chronogram; group IIA intron; molecular phylogeny; pyrenoid; rbcL; relaxed molecular clock; tufA
Categories
Funding
- Schure-Beijerinck-Popping Fund of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences
- TREUB maatschappij of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences
- Leiden University Fund
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (ALW-NWO) [852.000.50]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (WOTRO-NWO) [R 85-363, R 85-381]
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre
- Borneo Marine Research Institute (Universiti Malaysia Sabah)
- Universiti of Malaya - Institute of Biological Sciences
- MoHE-HIR grant Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [H-50001-00-A000025]
- Jabatan Taman Laut (Marine Parks Malaysia)
- National Oceanography Directorate (NOD-MOSTI)
- World Wildlife Fund - Malaysia
- Economic Planning Unit
- Prime Minister's Department
- Economic Planning Unit Sabah
- Sabah Parks
- Department of Fisheries Sabah
- Research Centre for Oceanography of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (PPO-LIPI)
- RISTEK
- Yosephine Tuti (RCO-LIPI)
- Census of Coral Reef Life
- Department of Water, Environment and Natural Resources of South Australia strategic research partnership scheme
- ARC Linkage [LP0991083]
- Australia Biological Resource Study [209-62]
- Alinytjara Wilurara NRM grant [CCAW084690-3]
- US Aid
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The siphonous green algal family Caulerpaceae includes the monotypic genus Caulerpella and the species-rich genus Caulerpa. A molecular phylogeny was inferred from chloroplast tufA and rbcL DNA sequences analyzed together with a five marker dataset of non-caulerpacean siphonous green algae. Six Caulerpaceae lineages were revealed, but relationships between them remained largely unresolved. A Caulerpella clade representing multiple cryptic species was nested within the genus Caulerpa. Therefore, that genus is subsumed and Caulerpa ambigua Okamura is reinstated. Caulerpa subgenus status is proposed for the six lineages substantiated by morphological characters, viz., three monotypic subgenera Cliftonii, Hedleyi, and Caulerpella, subgenus Araucarioideae exhibiting stolons covered with scale-like appendages, subgenus Charoideae characterized by a verticillate branching mode, and subgenus Caulerpa for a clade regarded as the Caulerpa core clade. The latter subgenus is subdivided in two sections, i.e., Sedoideae for species with pyrenoids and a species-rich section Caulerpa. A single section with the same name is proposed for each of the other five subgenera. In addition, species status is proposed for Caulerpa filicoides var. andamanensis (W.R. Taylor). All Caulerpa species without sequence data were examined (or data were taken from species descriptions) and classified in the new classification scheme. A temporal framework of Caulerpa diversification is provided by calibrating the phylogeny in geological time. The chronogram suggests that Caulerpa diversified into subgenera and sections after the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction and that infra-section species radiation happened after the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction.
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