Journal
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY
Volume 138, Issue -, Pages 347-354Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.06.007
Keywords
Water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA); Solar irradiance; Heat; In vitro skin; Bovine Udder System (BUS) model; Cell death; Inflammation; Antioxidative potential; Free radicals
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Funding
- Dr. med. h.c. Erwin Braun Foundation, Basle (Switzerland)
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The effects of water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) and of convective heat on viability, inflammation, inducible free radicals and antioxidative power were investigated in natural and viable skin using the ex vivo Bovine Udder System (BUS) model. Therefore, skin samples from differently treated parts of the udder of a healthy cow were analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, by prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) measurement and by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Neither cell viability, the inflammation status, the radical status or the antioxidative defence systems of the skin were significantly affected by wIRA applied within 30 min by using an irradiance of 1900W m(-2) which is of relevance for clinical use, but which exceeded the maximum solar IR-A irradiance at the Earth's surface more than 5 times and which resulted in a skin surface temperature of about 45 C without cooling and of about 37 degrees C with convective cooling by air ventilation. No significant effects on viability and on inflammation were detected when convective heat was applied alone under equivalent conditions in terms of the resulting skin surface temperatures and exposure time. As compared with untreated skin, free radical formation was almost doubled, whereas the antioxidative power was reduced to about 50% after convective heating to about 45 degrees C. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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