Journal
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Volume 102, Issue 9, Pages 2930-2940Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1002/jps.23590
Keywords
pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics; pharmacometrics; systems pharmacology; indirect response models; dose response; mathematical model; preclinical pharmacokinetics
Funding
- NIH [GM 24211, 57980]
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Building upon many classical foundations of pharmacology, a diverse array of mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models have emerged based on mechanisms of drug action and primary rate-limiting or turnover processes in physiology. An array of basic models can be extended to handle various complexities including tolerance and can readily be employed as building blocks in assembling enhanced PK/PD or small systems models. Our corticosteroid models demonstrate these concepts as well as elements of horizontal and vertical integration of molecular to whole-body processes. The potential advantages and challenges in moving PK/PD toward systems models are described. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association
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