Local and Circulating Levels of Adipocytokines in Obese and Normal Weight Individuals With Chronic Periodontitis

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the local and circulating levels of adipocytokines (resistin, adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, and interleukin [IL]-6) in individuals who are obese and individuals who are normal weight (NW) with chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Periodontal and anthropometric examinations were performed. Based on these measurements, the individuals were divided into one of the following groups: NW non-periodontitis (NP) (NWNP; n = 20); NWCP (n = 20); obese NP (ONP; n = 18); and obese CP (OCP; n = 20). The levels of adipocytokines were evaluated in the serum and gingival crevicular fluid of shallow and deep sites by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In serum, resistin levels were higher whereas adiponectin levels were lower in periodontitis than in NP groups (P<0.05). The NWNP group presented the lowest serum leptin levels (P <0.05). The ONP and OCP groups demonstrated higher TNF-alpha levels in periodontal sites than the NWNP and NWCP groups (P<0.05). Serum levels of IL-6 (P = 0.04) and leptin (P = 0.01) were correlated with the OCP group, with odds ratios of 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.01 to -0.00) and 0.99 (95% CI: -0.00 to -0.00), respectively. Conclusions: Periodontitis mainly influenced the circulating levels of resistin and adiponectin, whereas both obesity and periodontitis affected the circulating levels of leptin in favor of proinflammation. In addition, obesity upregulated the local levels of TNF-alpha.