Journal
JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH
Volume 45, Issue 2, Pages 177-183Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01215.x
Keywords
nicotine; lipopolysaccharide; heme oxygenase-1; cyclooxygenase-2; inducible nitric oxide synthase; periodontal ligament cells
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Funding
- Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-331-E00240]
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Background and Objective: Although heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a key role in inflammation, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of action in periodontitis are still unknown. This study aimed to identify the effects of HO-1 on the proinflammatory mediators activated by nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Material and Methods: The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) was evaluated using Griess reagent and an enzyme immunoassay, respectively. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and HO-1 proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results: Lipopolysaccharide and nicotine synergistically induced the production of NO and PGE(2) and increased the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and HO-1. Treatment with an HO-1 inhibitor and HO-1 small interfering RNAs blocked the LPS- and nicotine-stimulated NO and PGE(2) release as well as the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the nicotine- and LPS-induced inflammatory effects on PDL cells may act through a novel mechanism involving the action of HO-1. Thus, HO-1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontal disease associated with smoking and dental plaque.
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