Journal
JOURNAL OF PERINATAL MEDICINE
Volume 41, Issue 4, Pages 343-348Publisher
WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2012-0258
Keywords
Anxiety symptoms; depression symptoms; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; factor analysis; predictive validity
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Funding
- Piccole Stelle Onlus
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Background: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely used instrument for screening for postpartum depression, but it might also detect anxiety symptoms. Objective: To investigate the factor structure of the EPDS administered immediately after delivery and to understand which factors predict a high EPDS score 3 months later. Methods: A cohort of 594 Italian mothers delivering a healthy baby at Versilia Hospital completed the EPDS at two points in time: 2 days after delivery (T-0) and 3 months later (T-1) by telephone interview. Results: EPDS scores were higher at T 0 than at T-1. Overall, 15.7 % of women at 2 days postpartum and 7.6 % at 3 months later reported a score > 9. The factor analysis of EPDS at T 0 indicated a three-factor structure: depression (items 7-10), anxiety (items 3-6) and anhedonia (items 1-2). Anxious symptoms were quantitatively more important than depressive ones (mean 3.9 vs. 1.2) but tended to spontaneously ameliorate at T-1, whereas total EPDS score at T-1 was better predicted by depressive symptoms at T-0 (discriminative ability 0.75 vs. 0.68). Conclusions: This study suggests that EPDS subscales immediately after delivery help understand the spectrum of maternal postpartum psychological problems. Anxious symptoms immediately after delivery are frequent but transient, linked probably to maternity blues or atypical depression, whereas the presence of depressive symptomatology at T-0 suggests higher risk of later depressive disorders.
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