Journal
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
Volume 153, Issue 4, Pages 525-529Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.04.033
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00240, M01 RR001271-21, M01 RR000084, M01-RR001271, M01 RR000084-44, M01-RR00080, M01 RR000064-44, M01-RR00064, M01 RR000240, M01 RR000080-41, M01 RR000080, M01-RR00084, M01 RR000240-42, M01-RR00425] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL062514, 50-HL56401, P50 HL056401-069001, U01 HL062514-04, U01 HL062514-03, P50 HL056401-079001, U01 HL062514-02, P50 HL056401-099001, U01-HL62514, P50 HL056401-089001, U01 HL062514-01A1, P50 HL056401, P50 HL056401-109001] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [P30 HD026979-18, K23 HD056299, P30 HD026979, P30-HD26979, 30-HD26979, K23 HD056299-01] Funding Source: Medline
- PHS HHS [P30-MRDDRC] Funding Source: Medline
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Objective To identify whether inhaled nitric oxide treatment decreased indicators of long-term pulmonary morbidities after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Study design The Nitric Oxide (to Prevent) Chronic Lung Disease trial enrolled preterm infants (<1250 g) between 7 to 21 days of age were ventilated and at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Follow-up occurred at 12 +/- 3 months of age adjusted for prematurity; long-term pulmonary morbidity and other outcomes were reported by parents during structured blinded interviews. Results A total of 456 infants. (85%) were seen at 1 year. Compared with control in fants. infants randomized to inhaled nitric oxide received significantly less bronchodilators (odds ratio [OR] 0.53 [95% confidence interval 0.36-0.78]), inhaled steroids (OR 0.50 [0.32-0.77]), systemic steroids (OR 0.56 [0.32-0.97]), diuretics (OR 0.54 [0.34-0.85]), and supplemental oxygen (OR 0.65 [0.44-0.95]) after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. There were no significant differences between parental report of rehospitalizations (OR 0.83 [0.57-1.21.1]) or wheezing or whistling in the chest (OR 0.70 [0.48-1.03]). Conclusions infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide received fewer outpatient respiratory medications than the control group. However, any decision to institute routine use of this dosing regimen should also take into account the resiults of the 24-month neurodevelopmental assessment.
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