Journal
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 99, Issue 8, Pages 3715-3728Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6206-5
Keywords
Endophyte; Natural product; Volatile organic compound; Polyene; Medium-chain hydrocarbon; Biofuel; Polyketide synthase
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Funding
- NIH [RR19895, RR029676-01, T32 GM007223]
- Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering NSSEFF [N00244-09-1-0070]
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An endophytic fungus was isolated that produces a series of volatile natural products, including terpenes and odd chain polyenes. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolate using five loci suggests that it is closely related to Nigrograna mackinnonii CBS 674.75. The main component of the polyene series was purified and identified as (3E,5E,7E)-nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene (NTE), a novel natural product. Non-oxygenated hydrocarbons of this chain length are uncommon and desirable as gasoline-surrogate biofuels. The biosynthetic pathway for NTE production was explored using metabolic labeling and gas chromatography time of flight mass spectometer (GCMS). Two-carbon incorporation C-13 acetate suggests that it is derived from a polyketide synthase (PKS) followed by decarboxylation. There are several known mechanisms for such decarboxylation, though none have been discovered in fungi. Towards identifying the PKS responsible for the production of NTE, the genome of N. mackinnonii E5202H (ATCC SD-6839) was sequenced and assembled. Of the 32 PKSs present in the genome, 17 are predicted to contain sufficient domains for the production of NTE. These results exemplify the capacity of endophytic fungi to produce novel natural products that may have many uses, such as biologically derived fuels and commodity chemicals.
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