Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
Volume 92, Issue 23, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.235440
Keywords
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Funding
- National Research Fund, Luxembourg [FNR/A11/02]
- Department of Energy [DE-SC0006422]
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We show that any heat definition expressed as an energy change in the reservoir energy plus any fraction of the system-reservoir interaction is not an exact differential when evaluated along reversible isothermal transformations, except when that fraction is zero. Even in that latter case the reversible heat divided by temperature, namely entropy, does not satisfy the third law of thermodynamics and diverges in the low temperature limit. These results are found within the framework of nonequilibrium Green functions (NEGF) using a single level quantum dot strongly coupled to fermionic reservoirs and subjected to a time-dependent protocol modulating the dot energy as well as the dot-reservoir coupling strength.
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