Interleukin-17 Synergizes with IFN-gamma or TNF alpha to Promote Inflammatory Mediator Release and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) Expression in Human Intervertebral Disc Cells

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine recently shown to be elevated, along with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), in degenerated and herniated intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues, suggesting a role for these cytokines in intervertebral disc disease. The objective of our study was to investigate the involvement of IL-17 and costimulants IFN-gamma and TNF alpha in intervertebral disc pathology. Cells were isolated from anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues of patients undergoing surgery for intervertebral disc degeneration or scoliosis. The production of inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NOx), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expression, were quantified for cultured cells following exposure to IL-17, IFN-gamma, and TNF alpha. Intervertebral disc cells exposed to IL-17, IFN-gamma, or TNF alpha showed a remarkable increase in inflammatory mediator release and ICAM-1 expression (GLM and ANOVA, p < 0.05). Addition of IFN gamma or TNF alpha to IL-17 demonstrated a synergistic increase in inflammatory mediator release, and a marked increase in ICAM-1 expression. These findings suggest that IVD cells not only respond with a catabolic phenotype to IL-17 and costimulants IFN-gamma and TNF alpha, but also express surface ligands with consequent potential to recruit additional lymphocytes and immune cells to the IVD microenvironment. IL-17 may be an important regulator of inflammation in the IVD pathologies. (C) 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1-7, 2011