Basic Science and Surgical Treatment Options for Articular Cartilage Injuries of the Knee

SYNOPSIS: The complex structure of articular, cartilage allows for diverse knee function through-out range of motion and weight bearing. However, disruption to the structural integrity of the articular surface can cause significant morbidity.Due to an inherently poor regenerative capacity articular cartilage defects present a treatment challenge for physicians and therapists. For many patients, a trial of nonsurgical treatment options is paramount prior to surgical intervention. In intances of failed conservative treatment, patient can undergo an array of palliative restorative or reparative surgical procedures to treat these lesions Palliative methods include debridement and lavage, while restorative techniques include marrow stimulation. For larger lesions involving subchondral bone.reparative procedures such as osteochondral grafting or autologous chondrocyte implementation are considered. Clinical success not only depends on the surgical techniques but also requires strict adherences to rehabilitation quidelines. The purpose of this article is to review the basic science of articular Cartilage and to provide an overview of the procedures currently performed at our institution for patients presenting with symptomatic cartilage lesions.J Orrthop Sports Phys Thwe 2012:42(3) 243-253,doi.10.2519/jospt.2012.3673