Journal
JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
Volume 696, Issue 22, Pages 3465-3472Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.06.042
Keywords
N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes; Silica support medium; Palladium catalysis; Suzuki coupling reactions; Sonogashira coupling reactions; Immobilised catalyst
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Funding
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Research Group (BPRSG), at Kingston University
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Silica supported palladium NHC complexes have been prepared by two different routes: one involving the reaction of silica-supported imidazolium salts with palladium acetate and a direct immobilisation of a pre-formed complex by reacting a (trimethoxysilylpropyl)-N-aryl-imidazolylidene palladium complex with surface hydroxyl groups. A small range of catalysts of varying steric bulk were prepared in order to evaluate the effect on catalytic conversion. The activity of the palladium catalysts in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions has been established. The catalysts prepared by immobilising pre-formed palladium complexes gave superior results for the conversion of aryl bromides and aryl chlorides. In addition, use of sterically bulky NHCs (such as the N-2,6-(diisopropyl) phenyl-substituted ligand) resulted in increased catalytic activity, which is analogous to the trends noted in homogeneous catalysis. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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