Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW A
Volume 91, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.032103
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Funding
- MIUR through FIRB [RBFR08H058]
- ERC starting grant GEDENTQOPT
- EU project QUASAR
- Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Commission, under FET-Open grant QIBEC [284584]
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We provide general bounds of phase estimation sensitivity in linear two-mode interferometers. We consider probe states with a fluctuating total number of particles. With incoherent mixtures of states with different total number of particles, particle entanglement is necessary but not sufficient to overcome the shot noise limit. The highest possible phase estimation sensitivity, the Heisenberg limit, is established under general unbiased properties of the estimator. If coherences can be created, manipulated, and detected, the Heisenberg limit can only be set in the central limit, with a sufficiently large repetition of interferometric measurements.
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