Journal
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume 75, Issue 11, Pages 3908-3911Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jo1005729
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Funding
- Minister dell'Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, Rome
- University of Bari
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An efficient and highly sustainable Ullmann-type homocoupling of bromo- and chloroarenes, including the more challenging electron-rich chloroarenes (e.g., 4-chloroanisole). catalyzed by in situ generated Pd colloids, is carried Out in aqueous medium under relatively mild conditions (temperatures ranging from 40 to 90 degrees C). Glucose is used as a clean and renewable reductant. while tetra butylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) acts as base, surfactant, and phase-transfer agent, creating a favorable environment for the catalyst. Pd nanoparticle sizes, morphology, and chemical composition are ascertained by TEM and XPS analyses.
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