Journal
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume 75, Issue 16, Pages 5619-5626Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jo100981e
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Funding
- NIH [P50-GM06082]
- NSF [CHE-0848299]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Chemistry [0848299] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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A high-throughput screening system for homogeneous catalyst discovery has been developed by integrating a continuous-flow capillary-based microreactor with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) for fast online analysis. Reactions are conducted in distinct and stable zones in a flow stream that allows for time and temperature regulation. UHPLC detection at high temperature allows high throughput online determination of substrate, product, and byproduct concentrations. We evaluated the efficacies of a series of soluble acid catalysts for an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts addition into an acyliminium ion intermediate within 1 day and with minimal material investment. The effects of catalyst loading, reaction time, and reaction temperature were also screened. This system exhibited high reproducibility for high-throughput catalyst screening and allowed several acid catalysts for the reaction to be identified. Major side products from the reactions were determined through off-line mass spectrometric detection. Er(OTf)(3), the catalyst that showed optimal efficiency in the screening, was shown to be effective at promoting the cyclization reaction on a preparative scale.
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