Cementum, Pulp, Periodontal Ligament, and Bone Response After Direct Injury With Orthodontic Anchorage Screws: A Histomorphologic Study in an Animal Model

Purpose: To assess the histologic response of the periodontium, cementum, and after intentional root injury with titanium screws. Materials and Methods: Three female beagle clogs were used. and a total of 60 self-drilling/self tapping miniscrews were manually inserted into the maxilla and the mandible with the intention of placement in close proximity or in direct contact with the roots Digital radiographs were taken to select the sites with root injuries After a 3-month period, the animals were killed and serial nondecalcified histologic sections were obtained with the miniscrew in place Results: Sixteen sites with significant root injury were identified Four sites presented with cementum abrasion, 7 sites had dentin penetration up to 50% of the diameter of the screw, and 5 sites had miniscrew penetration into the pulp space with root fragmentation. At all damaged sites. Continuous cementum repair Could be observed. There was no evidence of external resorption or pulpal necrosis and/or inflammatory infiltrate. Point ankylosis was seen only in cases of severe injury with root fragmentation Finally, woven bone was present along the miniscrew threads Conclusion: When titanium screws penetrate root cementum or dentin, pulpal necrosis and/or inflammation was not observed at 12 weeks in an animal model cementum regenerates at every injury site, but ankylosis can occur with root fragmentation. Woven bone is present it the screw-bone interface even with root contact suggesting osteointegration. (C) 2009 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:2440-2445. 2009