Journal
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 17, Issue 43, Pages 28666-28673Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04080a
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Funding
- Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20110201130005]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21274115, 51201128]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (China) [2014JQ2-2007]
- 111 Project [B14040]
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In this work, polypyrrole/graphene doped by p-toluenesulfonic is prepared as an active material for supercapacitors, and its capacitance performance is investigated in various aqueous electrolytes including HCl, LiCl, NaCl, and KCl with a concentration of 3 M, respectively. A rising trend of capacitance is observed according to the cationic mobility (Li+ < Na+ < K+ < H+), which is due to its effect on the ionic conductivity, efficient ion/charge diffusion/exchange and relaxation time. On the other hand, long-term cycling stability is in the following order: KO < NaCl < LiCl < HCl, corresponding to the decreasing tendency of cation size (K+ > Na+ > Li+ > H+). The reason can be attributed to the fact that the insertion/de-insertion of large size cation brings a significant doping level decrease and an over-oxidation increase during the charging-discharging cycles. Hence, we not only obtain good capacitance performance (280.3 F g(-1) at 5 mV s(-1)), superior rate capability (225.8 F g(-1) at 500 mV s(-1)) and high cycling stability (92.0% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles at 1 A g(-1)) by employing 3 M HCl as an electrolyte, but also reveal that the electrolyte cations have a significant effect on the supercapacitors' electrochemical performance.
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