Journal
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 21, Issue 11, Pages 1134-1139Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.10.007
Keywords
Cholesterol; Grape seed proanthocyanidin; CYP7A1; LDL receptor; HMG-CoA reductase; SREBP-2; Liver X receptor
Funding
- Hong Kong Research Grant Council [CUHK 4586/06M]
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Interest in grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) as a cholesterol-lowering nutraceutical is growing. This study was to investigate the effect of GSP on blood cholesterol level and gene expression of cholesterol-regulating enzymes in Golden Syrian hamsters maintained on a 0.1% cholesterol diet. Results affirmed supplementation of 0.5% or 1.0% GSP could decrease plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol level. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated GSP did not affect sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 and low-density lipoprotein receptor; however, it increased mRNA 3hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. GSP had no effect on the protein mass of liver X receptor alpha (LXR alpha) but it decreased mRNA LXR alpha. Most importantly, GSP increased not only the protein level of cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) but also mRNA CYP7A1. It was concluded that the hypocholesterolemic activity of GSP was most likely mediated by enhancement of bile acid excretion and up-regulation of CYP7A1. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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