Journal
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 20, Issue 3, Pages 155-162Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.01.007
Keywords
Pomace olive oil; Long-chain fatty alcohols; Macrophages; Nitric oxide; Inflammation; Cytokine
Funding
- Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia [CICYT AGL2002-00195, CICYT AGL2005-00572]
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Pomace olive oil is a by-product of olive oil extraction that is traditionally produced and consumed in Spain. The nonglyceride matter of this oil is a good source of interesting minor compounds, like long-chain fatty alcohols, which arc present free or as part of waxes. In the present study, long-chain fatty alcohols were isolated from the nonglyceride fraction of pomace olive oil, and the composition was identified and quantified. The major components of long-chain fatty alcohols were tetracosanol, hexacosanol and octacosanol. We investigated the ability of long-chain fatty alcohols from pomace olive oil to inhibit the release of different proinflamatory mediators in vitro by cells involved in inflammatory processes. Long-chain fatty alcohols significantly and dose-dependently decreased nitric oxide production by RAW 264.7 murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Western blot analysis showed that nitric oxide reduction was a consequence of the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthetase expression. Long-chain fatty alcohols also reduced tumor necrosis factor-a and prostaglandin E-2 production, although the potency of inhibition for the latter was lower. On the other hand, long-chain fatty alcohols significantly reduced thromboxane A(2) production in rat peritoneal neutrophils stimulated with the calcium ionophore A-23187. The reduction of cicosanoid release was related to the inhibition of phospholipase A(2) enzyme activity by long-chain fatty alcohols, reaching an inhibitory concentration 50% value of 6.2 mu g/ml. These results, showed that long-chain fatty alcohols may have a protective effect on some mediators involved in the inflammatory damage development, suggesting its potential value as a putative functional component of pomace olive oil. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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