Journal
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 141, Issue 12, Pages 2219-2225Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.143826
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Funding
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U 01 HL72524, HL-54776]
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]
- National Institute on Aging [5P01AG023394-05]
- USDA Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]
- CIBER from the MICINN, Spain [CB06/03/0035, PR2010-0534]
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Evidence that physical activity (PA) modulates the association between the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and BMI is emerging; however, information about dietary factors modulating this association is scarce. We investigated whether fat and carbohydrate intake modified the association of FTO gene variation with BMI in two populations, including participants in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study (n = 1069) and in the Boston Puerto Rican Health (BPRHS) study (n = 1094). We assessed energy, nutrient intake, and PA using validated questionnaires. Genetic variability at the FTO locus was characterized by polymorphisms rs9939609 (in the GOLDN) and rs1121980 (in the GOLDN and BPRHS). We found significant interactions between PA and FTO on BMI in the GOLDN but not in the BPRHS. We found a significant interaction between SFA intake and FTO on BMI, which was stronger than that of total fat and was present in both populations (P-interaction = 0.007 in the GOLDN and P-interaction = 0.014 in BPRHS for categorical; and P-interaction = 0.028 in the GOLDN and P-interaction = 0.041 in BPRHS for continuous SFA). Thus, homozygous participants for the FTO-risk allele had a higher mean BMI than the other genotypes only when they had a high-SFA intake (above the population mean: 29.7 +/- 0.7 vs. 28.1 +/- 0.5 kg/m(2); P = 0.037 in the GOLDN and 33.6. +/- 0.8 vs. 31.2 +/- 0.4 kg/m(2); P = 0.006 in BPRHS). No associations with BMI were found at lower SEA intakes. We found no significant interactions with carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, SFA intake modulates the association between FTO and BMI in American populations. J. Nutr. 141: 2219-2225, 2011.
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