Journal
JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 49-62Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000327132
Keywords
Dietary calcium Energy restriction; Gene expression; Milk proteins; Skeletal muscles
Categories
Funding
- Foundation for Nutrition Research
- Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES)
- Academy of Finland
- Valio Ltd.
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Background/Aims:The potential of whey protein and calcium to modify skeletal muscle gene expression during energy restriction (ER) was investigated in a model of diet-induced obesity. Methods: Obese C57BL/6J mice received casein (calcium 0.4%) and two different high-calcium (1.8%) whey protein-based [whey protein isolate (WPI) + Ca and alpha-lactalbumin + Ca] diets for ER. Results: Compared to casein, WPI and adactalbumin-based diets altered 208 and 287 genes, respectively, of which 186 genes were common to WPI and a-lactalbumin diets. These genes represented 31 KEGG pathways. The Wnt signaling was the most enriched pathway among the 101 genes regulated by alpha-lactalbumin only, whereas the 22 genes regulated by WPI only were not associated with KEGG pathways. Unlike casein, WPI and alpha-lactalbumin diets decreased Aldh1a7, Fasn, leptin, Nr4a3 and Scd1 mRNA expression, indicating dietary protein source-dependent alterations in muscle lipid and fatty acid metabolism. Muscle weight or lean body mass maintenance did not differ between groups although modest changes in hypertrophy/atrophy signaling were found. Conclusion: The skeletal muscle gene expression profile is modified by the dietary protein source and calcium during ER which may explain, at least in part, the greater anti-obesity effect of whey proteins and calcium compared to casein. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel
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