Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
Volume 90, Issue 9, Pages 1842-1849Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23061
Keywords
hormesis; naphthazarin; neuroinflammation; Parkinson's disease
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Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology [2009-0067079]
- Korean government (MEST) [20090083538]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2009-0067079, 2011-0030654, 2009-0093226] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Neurohormesis refers to a response to a moderate level of stress that enhances the ability of the nervous systems to resist more severe stress that might be lethal or cause dysfunction or disease. Neurohormetic phytochemicals, such as, resveratrol, sulforaphane, curcumin, and catechins, protect neurons against injury and disease. Naphthoquinones, such as, juglone and plumbagin, induce robust hormetic stress responses. However, the possibility that subtoxic dose of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (naphthazarin) may protect against brain diseases via the activation of an adaptive stress response pathway in the brain has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the neurohormetic effect of a subtoxic dose of naphthazarin in a Parkinson's disease model. It was found that, under these conditions, naphthazarin enhanced movement ability, prevented loss of dopaminergic neurons, and attenuated neuroinflammation in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease model. Furthermore, it was found that the neuroprotective effect of naphthazarin was mediated by the suppression of astroglial activation in response to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine treatment. In conclusion, we suggest that naphthazarin, in view of its hormetic effect on neuroprotection, be viewed as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with neuroinflammation. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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